Luxembourg

Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, reigned from 1919 to 1964.

Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (14 June 1894 – 24 January 1924), reigned from 1912 to 1919. She was the first grand duchess regnant of Luxembourg, and its first female monarch since Maria Theresa (1740–1780), and the first Luxembourgish monarch to be born within the territory since John the Blind (born 1296).

Named as heir presumptive by her father William IV in 1907 to prevent a succession crisis due to his lack of a son, Marie-Adélaïde became grand duchess in 1912. She ruled through the First World War, and her perceived support for the German occupation led to unpopularity in Luxembourg as well as neighbouring France and Belgium. In 1919, on the advice of Parliament, she abdicated in favour of her younger sister Charlotte.

After abdicating, Marie-Adélaïde became a nun in Italy, before leaving due to ill health. She died of influenza in Germany in 1924.

Born in Berg Castle, Charlotte was the second daughter of Grand Duke William IV and his wife, Marie Anne of Portugal.

When her older sister, Marie-Adélaide, who had succeeded their father, was forced to abdicate on 14 January 1919, Charlotte became the one who had to deal with the revolutionary tendencies in the country. Unlike her sister, she chose not to meddle with its politics.

In a referendum about the new constitution on 28 September 1919, 77.8% of the Luxembourgish people voted for the continuation of a Grand Ducal monarchy with Charlotte as head of state. In this constitution, the power of the monarch was severely restricted.

During the German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II, Charlotte, exiled in London, became an important symbol of national unity.

Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (born 5 January 1921) ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He is the father of the current ruler, Grand Duke Henri, and the son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma. Among his godparents was Pope Benedict XV, who gave him his second name.
He became Grand Duke when his mother, the Grand Duchess Charlotte, abdicated on 12 November 1964.

Grand Duke Jean abdicated on 7 October 2000, and was succeeded on the throne by his son Henri. Grand Duke Jean now lives at Fischbach Castle

He was married in Luxembourg on 9 April 1953 to Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium (1927–2005), daughter of Léopold III, King of the Belgians.
They had three sons and two daughters:
Princess Marie-Astrid (born 17 February 1954). Married HI&RH Carl Christian Marcus d'Aviano, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria (born 1954).
Grand Duke Henri (born 16 April 1955)
Prince Jean (born 15 May 1957). Married Hélène Vestur (born 1958) in 1987 and has issue. Renounced the right of succession for himself and his descendants on 26 September 1986. His children, as well as his wife, bore the title Count(ess) of Nassau until given the title HRH Prince(ss) of Nassau on 24 November 2004. Prince Jean and Hélène were previously divorced and she was not upgraded under this decree. In 2009 he married Diane De Guerre.
Princess Margaretha (born 15 May 1957). Married HSH Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein (1947), son of Sovereign Prince Franz Joseph II, and has issue.
Prince Guillaume (born 1 May 1963). Married Sibilla Weiller (born 1968), a great-granddaughter of King Alfonso XIII of Spain through her mother Donna Olimpia Torlonia, herself a daughter of Infanta Beatriz of Spain, and has issue. His children bear the title Prince(ss) of Nassau.

While studying in Geneva, Henri met the former María Teresa Mestre y Batista, who was also a political sciences student. They married in Luxembourg on 4 February/14 February 1981 with the previous consent of the Grand Duke, dated 7 November 1980.
The couple has five children:
The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie), born 11 November 1981, married Belgian Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy on 19 and 20 October 2012 in Luxembourg.
Prince Félix Léopold Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 3 June 1984, married German Claire Margareta Lademacher on 17 (the civil wedding which took place in Königstein im Taunus, Germany) and 23 (the religious wedding which took place in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, France) September 2013.
Prince Louis Xavier Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 3 August 1986, who married Tessy Antony on 29 September 2006 in Gilsdorf, Luxembourg. The couple has two sons: Prince Gabriel Michael Louis Ronny of Nassau, born 12 March 2006
Prince Noah Guillaume of Nassau, born 21 September 2007

Princess Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine of Luxembourg, born 16 February 1991
Prince Sébastien Henri Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg, born 16 April 1992

The 30-year-old hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the last hereditary Prince in Europe to get married, marrying his 28-year old Belgian Countess bride in a lavish 2-day ceremony.